Home-for-All is a framework to help in the recovery of coastal communities in Northeast Japan. Post-tsunami Satoyama is a proposal to restore productive conditions to the landscape while integrating infrastructure that is implemented to have impact from the community scale to the regional ecosystems scale.
On March 11th, 2011, the town of Unosumai, located in the Tohoku region, was destroyed by a surge of 19.2 meter high tsunami waves. The Tsunami Protection Breakwater infrastructure and levees were immediately crippled and flooded the town 2.3 kilometers inland. In the bay area, the only remnants of the former homes are the foundations and debris that were carried upstream. The surviving residents were relocated into nine fragmented temporary housing clusters along the river, starting 2.5 kilometers upstream of the bay, just past the point that the tsunami water reached. The events of March 11th also resulted in the destruction of 319 fishing ports along 600 km of Japan’s Northeast coast, with several residing in Ootsuchi Bay, where Unosumai is located.
Exploring the satoyama landscape condition potential for Unosumai. In Japanese, ‘sato’ means arable and ‘yama’ means mountain. In Japan the connections from mountain to sea were acknowledged and used in the past. It is a human managed landscape where wood from the forests was used as fuel, the dry foothills for housing and agriculture, the floodplains for rice paddies and the river for fishing. These conditions can be embedded in the cross section of Unosumai River.
In 2005 the breakwater infrastructure in the bay made an obstacle for returning fish. The 2011 tsunami opened the bay and river for the returning fish. The project site can play an important role in the river ecology by reconnecting the bay to the river to restore fish habitat.
Biodiversity of fish habitat can be optimized in the various sectional changes that happen (depth, vegetation, salinity, etc) from the estuary to upstream Unosumai River. This approach can help salmon return to these waters to spawn and grow naturally. Biodiversity of fish habitat can be optimized in the various sectional changes that happen (depth, vegetation, salinity, etc) from the estuary to upstream Unosumai River. This approach can help salmon return to these waters to spawn and grow naturally.
Unosumai River.
The Unosumai River is a dynamic river that needs room to meander and connect to the floodplains. Its soils are soft and good for fish habitat. The forest is also connected to the health of a river, since the water that drains from the mountains give nutrients from the fallen leaves and sediments. The current forest cover is dominated by coniferous evergreens that do not drop their leaves. This and
the fact that berms disrupt that connection make most of the nutrient pool to come only from the wetlands.
Temporary housing communities along the Unosumai River.
The river can serve as the main artery that connects the 9 displaced communities to their surroundings in order to offer a better living situation. The use of prefab temporary housing units has been the primary focus in rethinking the future of housing in Unosumai. With approx. 70 housing units situated on 9 sites along 3km of Unosumai River, the proposed masterplan addresses the issue of connections and re-establishment of communities.
Improving the degraded Satoyama condition.
The Satoyama cultural landscape has the power connect and engage a wide and disparate group of working people from the deep mountain to sea. Putting human hands back into the this primordial landscape. Flood mitigation infrastructure at multiple levels accommodates for flooding events without disrupting the ommunity. Water flow is managed to work with the land use from the mountain to the rice paddies, to the river, to the bay and flood patterns.
Tokyo GSDHome-for-All studio, Toyo Ito
Project team: Marc Pomarico, Ruyi Igiehon, and Judith Rodríguez
Jurors 講評者
Toyo Ito 伊東豊雄
Riken Yamamoto 山本理顕
Kengo Kuma 隈研吾
Kumiko Inui 乾久美子
Sou Fujimoto 藤本壮介
Akihisa Hirata 平田晃久
Taira Nishizawa 西沢大良
Masashi Sogabe 曽我部昌史
Toshiko Mori 森俊子
Ken Tadashi Oshima ケン・タダシ・大島
Yusuke Obuchi 小渕祐介
Kaz Yoneda カズ米田
Exhibitions:
Toyo Ito Museum of Architecture, Ehime, Japan
GSD Tokyo works, Takenaka Gallery, Tokyo, Japan
Platform 5 Exhibition, Harvard University GSD, Cambridge
Living Anatomy: An Exhibition about Housing, Harvard University GSD, Cambridge
Publication:
Ibanez, Maria. GSD Platform 5: A year of research through studio work... Cambridge: ACTAR , 2013